Allergy treatment options for dogs

As the seasons shift, pet parents might notice changes in their dog's behavior. What starts as occasional scratching can quickly become persistent pawing, nibbling at paws or that telltale thump of a hind leg against the floor.

The cause isn't always obvious — pollen, fleas, food sensitivities and environmental factors can all trigger similar uncomfortable symptoms. That's where a veterinarian becomes a partner in finding answers and helping provide relief options.

This article walks through some common canine allergies, ways to recognize the signs and evidence-based strategies a veterinarian may recommend to help keep dogs comfortable.

In this article:

Can dogs experience allergies?

Dogs can experience allergies, and it doesn’t matter what breed, age or gender they are. Uncomfortable symptoms can either happen throughout the year or only show up during specific seasons.

What can cause dog allergies?

Dogs can develop allergies when their immune system overreacts to harmless things like pollen or plants. Their body jumps into defense mode, producing antibodies that trigger a chain reaction — what veterinarians identify as an allergic response.

Common causes of dog allergies 

Different dogs can have different allergies. Here is a list of some common triggers:

• Environmental allergies. Some dogs react poorly to things like pollen, grass, weeds, mold or dust mites.
• Food allergies. Not all food products are tolerated well by all dogs. Some dogs can’t handle certain proteins like chicken, beef, lamb or pork. Other triggers might include soy, wheat, dairy, eggs or rice.
• Flea and insect allergies. Some dogs are super sensitive to fleas and other tiny bugs. Just one bite can set off a major reaction. 

Dog allergy symptoms

Allergies can show up in dogs in different ways. Some are barely noticeable while others are hard to miss. Here are some common reactions that owners should be aware of:

Environmental or flea allergies

• Chewing, scratching or rubbing of the face, paws, belly, legs, ears or rear
• Head shaking
• Irritated skin or eyes
• Patchy fur or bald spots
• Skin infections that keep coming back

Food allergies

• Acting energetically or very tired 
• Increased dandruff
• Itching, chewing, scratching or rubbing of the face, paws, belly, legs or rear
• Loose or runny stool
• Losing weight
• Stomach upset

If any of this seems familiar, it’s a good idea to call a veterinarian. They can help figure out what’s going on. 

Types of allergy symptom relief management options for dogs

Not all allergies are handled the same way, but owners can help their pup feel better with the right type of medication or support. A veterinarian can assess a canine’s specific situation and may suggest one or more options to help manage symptom relief, ranging from OTC products to prescription medications.

Some symptom management options may include:

• Immunotherapy (allergy shots or drops)
• Injectable monoclonal antibodies
• Omega fatty acid supplements 
• Oral medications
• Steroids
• Special shampoos, creams and ointments 

There are some over-the-counter (OTC) and prescription options available, from quick symptom relief support to long-term help. A veterinarian can recommend the right medication to help manage specific symptoms a dog is experiencing, so they can get back to their usual tail-wagging self.

Before buying any allergy treatment, owners should check in with their veterinarian to make sure their dog gets the right medication and dose and clear instructions on how to use it.

Dogs with environmental allergies

If symptoms persist or worsen, a veterinarian may recommend allergy testing. Testing can help identify specific triggers, including environmental ones.

Based on test results, a veterinarian might suggest immunotherapy (allergy shots or drops). The treatment exposes dogs to select allergens, which helps their immune system build tolerance and reduce reactions in the long run. This type of treatment is a long-term commitment.

Some OTC products can also help manage allergy symptoms, but pet parents should check in with their veterinarian before starting any new allergy medications or OTC products for their dog. 

Dogs with food allergies

Food allergies can be stressful for dogs and their worried owners. A pup's immune system can launch an attack when it mistakenly pinpoints certain ingredients as threats, such as proteins, carbohydrates or additives.

To help prevent food allergy symptoms, the dog should generally avoid whatever is causing the issue. To determine what food a dog is allergic to, a veterinarian may recommend a food elimination trial. After the allergen has been identified, a veterinarian may recommend a special prescription diet or even some home-cooked meals that are designed by pet nutritionists.

While stores may offer “limited ingredient” dog foods, the production process of these products isn’t as strictly monitored as prescription products.

Consult a veterinarian before using one of these dog foods as part of a food allergen avoidance plan. It is important to work with a veterinarian to develop a plan to manage a dog's food allergies that is best suited for the dog's specific condition and external factors.

Dogs with flea allergies

The best strategy to help prevent allergy-related discomfort from fleas is to use a flea and tick preventative medication year-round that’s recommended by the dog’s veterinarian.

While OTC flea preventatives exist, pet parents should check with a veterinarian before using any flea medication. Most dogs tolerate them well, but some medications that are labeled for use in dogs can be toxic to cats.

If breakthrough flea bites happen, having anti-itch medication on hand can help restore peace (and sleep) to pets and parents.

Symptom support options

Some OTC products can also help manage symptoms related to skin issues caused by the allergy. But pet parents should check in with their veterinarian before starting any new allergy medication or OTC products for their dog.

Prescription allergy medication options for dogs

After a veterinarian evaluates canine symptoms, they often determine that a prescription medication is needed. Veterinarians can recommend prescription medications that help manage allergy-related itching or skin irritation. They can also recommend prescription or OTC preventative medications that help protect pups from bugs and parasites, and lower the risk of reinfestation.

Key takeaways

Dogs can develop allergic reactions to environmental triggers, certain foods or flea bites, leading to uncomfortable symptoms like itching, inflamed skin, upset stomachs or skin infections. The good news is that relief is possible. While allergies can't be cured, they can be managed with the right approach.

Pet parents have plenty of options, from oral medications and injected products to shampoos and prescription treatments. Sometimes even just switching to a different diet can transform a dog's comfort level if they have food allergies. Because every dog and household is different, a veterinarian plays an essential role in determining what’s causing the problem and recommending the safest, most effective plan to help dogs feel better.

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