A guide to choosing and using menstrual cups

Menstrual cups are becoming more popular, and for good reason: These little wonders can be a great alternative to tampons and pads. Reusable cups may offer a comfortable, environmentally sustainable solution and be less expensive in the long run for helping to keep people secure and dry during their period.

But navigating the world of menstrual cups can be a bit daunting for those who are new to them. Here’s what people may want to know about menstrual cups, from how they work to choosing the correct one for their needs. 

In this article:

What is a menstrual cup?

Menstrual cups are designed to collect menstrual fluid (blood), rather than absorbing it in a pad or tampon. They’re typically made of medical-grade silicone or latex. Some come with a stem at one end that may help make them easier to remove. If someone has questions about whether a menstrual cup is good for them, they can consult with a health care provider.

Once inserted into the vagina, the cup forms a secure seal that helps prevent leaks and allows for up to 12 hours of wear, which is longer than a tampon or pad. Because most cups are reusable, some can last for years with proper care.

“Users must realize they are making a long-term investment when purchasing a menstrual cup,” says Barbra Hanna, DO, gynecologist and founder of MyMenopauseRx LLC.

Beyond this, menstrual cups may be more comfortable for some people. Unlike some tampons, they don’t dry out the vaginal canal, making them suitable for people with sensitive or easily irritated skin.

“Menstrual cups can be a great device for people who are experiencing heavy periods in perimenopause,” according to Dr. Hanna. When even a super tampon does not prevent leaks, a menstrual cup — which can hold a sizable volume — can be a great alternative. 

How do menstrual cups work?

Menstrual cups are another way to manage period flow. Unlike traditional tampons and pads, which absorb menstrual fluid (blood), cups “sit snugly against the cervix and directly collect and store menstrual fluid instead of absorbing it,” explains Dr. Hanna.

How to use a menstrual cup

Not every cup is the same. Before someone starts using one, it’s a good idea to talk to a health care provider — and it’s essential to read the instructions on the cup’s packaging carefully. There may be variations in insertion and removal techniques among different products, so following the manufacturer’s guidelines is key.

“Using a menstrual cup can take practice, particularly when someone first begins using the device,” says Dr. Hanna.

Before inserting a menstrual cup, be sure to read the package directions and wash hands. Generally, it’s best to then find a comfortable position, making sure to relax the muscles. Then slowly insert the cup into the vaginal canal, aiming it toward the tailbone. “Once the cup is in the vagina, it will unfold with its edges against the vaginal walls,” says Dr. Hanna. “Gently run the fingers around the edges of the cup to ensure it has opened all the way.”

Before removing a menstrual cup, read the package instructions and wash hands. Take a deep breath and relax the pelvic muscles. Then, it’s generally best to gently squeeze the base of the cup to break the seal (very important!) and slowly pull it out. Keep the cup upright as it is being removed, then empty the cup’s contents into the toilet. After the menstrual cup has been emptied, rinse it with warm water and clean it with soap.

Remember: Practice makes perfect. It may take a few tries.

Menstrual cups for beginners

For both beginners and experienced users, there are many menstrual cup brands to choose from. Each offers unique benefits and features. “Finding the best menstrual cup is a process of trial and error,” says Dr. Hanna.

Manufacturers offer different sizes of cup because vaginas are many different shapes. Follow their instructions to choose the proper menstrual cup.

Here are some of the brands out there:

• DivaCup. This brand has a range of sizes to suit different needs.
• Flex Cup. The Flex Discovery Kit comes in two sizes with a patented pull tab for easy removal. The pull tab breaks the cup’s seal.
• Intimina Ziggy Cup. This flat-fit menstrual cup has a flexible, petal-thin body that is easy to insert and conforms to the body.
• CVS Health menstrual cup. This price-friendly cup comes in two sizes.

How to clean a menstrual cup

It’s important to clean a menstrual cup properly, since it goes inside your body. It is important to follow the instructions on the packaging.

Generally, people can empty the cup into the toilet, sink or shower drain and rinse the cup out before reinserting it. If someone is unable to wash their menstrual cup (for example, if they’re in a public restroom), they can empty it and put it back in. Then they can wash the cup thoroughly when they’re home or in a private bathroom. Be sure to follow the storage and cleaning directions that came with the cup.